烟草在线据《印度时报》报道编译　　在印度，几乎2/5的30岁以上成年人和以上年龄死亡是由无烟烟草引起的。

　　据本周二（2月14日）世界卫生组织公布的“烟草造成死亡报告”，2004年，全球12%的30岁及以上年龄的成年人死亡是由于无烟烟草造成的，而在印度这个比例为16%，巴基斯坦的为17%，孟加拉国的为31%。

　　直接吸烟造成了500万人死亡。另外60万人死于二手烟。在接下来的20年中，每年死于烟草的人将达到800万人，超过80%的死亡将发生在中低收入国家。

　　世界卫生组织称，在21世纪，烟草将导致10亿多人死亡。许多人认为无烟烟草比有烟烟草安全。然而，这不是真的。

　　联盟卫生部长Ghulam Nabi Azad在议会上称，去年9月，在印度70261人被检查出因“无烟烟草产品”患口腔癌、舌癌和咽喉癌。

　　据印度医学研究委员会（ICMR）的数据显示，部长称，这些受影响的数字正在上升——2008年的为66,129，2009年的为68160。

　　印度志愿者健康协会的执行主任Bhavna Mukhopadhyay补充说，“每天在印度有2500人死于因吸烟引起的疾病。在烟草产品上展示更严厉的图片警语，是减少烟草消费的最有效工具之一。嚼烟和gutka导致了90%的口腔癌。”

　　据全球成人烟草使用量的印度调查显示，全国总人口的21%对无烟烟草上瘾，另外5%的人吸卷烟还使用无烟烟草。

　　该调查称：“在印度，2.75亿名印度烟民中的大约75%消费无烟烟草产品。大量的儿童和青少年沉溺于含有尼古丁而且很容易上瘾的无烟烟草产品。烟草中有3095种化学成分，其中28种证明是致癌物质。”

　　在无烟烟草产品中，khaini使用的最多，其次是gutka。大约91%的女性使用无烟烟草产品，如嚼烟。

　　世界卫生组织的报告称，烟草所造成的死亡率在男性中的比例高于女性。全球有5%的人死于传染性疾病，而在30岁及以上年龄的成年人中，14%的人死于因烟草造成的非传染性疾病。在传染病中，烟草使用与大约7%的肺结核死亡有关，对大约12%的因呼吸道感染死亡有关。在非传染性疾病中，烟草使用对10%的心血管疾病死亡有关，对22%的癌症死亡有关，对36%的呼吸系统疾病的死亡有关。

Smokeless tobacco claims lives of 12% of 30-plus adults

Times of India
Feb 15, 2012

　　Almost two in five deaths among adults aged 30 years and above in India are caused due to smokeless tobacco.

　　According to WHO's "Mortality attributable to tobacco report" released on Tuesday, globally 12% of all deaths among adults aged 30 years and over were due to smokeless tobacco in 2004 compared with 16% in India, Pakistan (17%) and Bangladesh (31%).

　　Direct tobacco smoking was responsible for five million deaths. Another six lakh people died from second-hand smoke. Over the next 20 years, the annual death toll from tobacco will be eight million, with more than 80% of those fatalities projected to occur in low and middle-income countries.

　　WHO says tobacco could kill over one billion people in the 21st century. Many think smokeless tobacco is safer than the smoking form. However, that's not really true.

　　Union health minister Ghulam Nabi Azad said at Parliament last September that in India 70,261 people were detected with mouth cancer, tongue and hypopharynx due to "smokeless tobacco products".

　　Quoting data from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), the minister had said the numbers of those affected were rising - 66,129 in 2008 and 68,160 (2009).

　　Bhavna Mukhopadhyay, executive director of Voluntary Health Association of India, added, "2500 people die every day due to tobacco-related diseases in India. Display of harsher pictorial warnings on tobacco products is one of the most effective tools to reduce tobacco consumption. Chewing tobacco and gutka contribute to 90% of oral cancer cases."

　　According to the Global Adult Tobacco India Survey (GATS), 21% of the country's population is addicted to smokeless tobacco, and another 5% smoke as well as use smokeless tobacco.

　　It said, "Around 75% of the 275 million Indians consume smokeless tobacco products. A large number of children and youth in India are addicted to smokeless tobacco that contains nicotine and is highly addictive. There are 3,095 chemical components in tobacco, among them 28 are proven carcinogen."

　　Among smokeless tobacco products, khaini is used the most, followed by gutka. Around 91% of female tobacco users use smokeless products like betel quid.

　　The WHO report added that the proportion of mortality attributable to tobacco is higher among men than women. Globally, 5% of all deaths from communicable diseases and 14% from non-communicable diseases among adults aged 30 years and above are attributable to tobacco. Within communicable diseases, tobacco use is responsible for an estimated 7% of all deaths due to tuberculosis and 12% due to lower respiratory infections. Within non-communicable diseases, tobacco use is responsible for 10% of all deaths from cardiovascular diseases, 22% of all cancer fatalities, and 36% of all deaths from diseases of the respiratory system.